Financing · 7 min read

Custom home financing: construction loans explained

A construction loan is a short-term, interest-only loan that releases funds in scheduled draws as your home is built, then converts to (or is refinanced into) a permanent mortgage. Most lenders require 20–30% equity (land + cash), a fixed scope, a subject-to appraisal that supports total project cost, and a 5–15% contingency reserve.

Two common structures

  • Construction-to-perm (one-time-close): one loan, one set of closing costs, converts automatically at completion.
  • Two-close: separate construction and end loans. More flexibility on the permanent mortgage; two sets of closing costs.

What lenders look for

  • Debt-to-income ratio including the future permanent payment.
  • Liquid reserves after closing, typically 6–12 months of payments.
  • A licensed builder with verifiable history.
  • A complete plan set and written specification.
  • An appraisal subject-to-completion at or above total project cost.

See also

Last updated June 29, 2026. Reviewed against our editorial policy.